Once the harvest begins, the harvested olives are taken to the mill for refining the same day several times per day. The total process of harvesting and milling of all the trees and olives in the orchards takes between 2-3 weeks. In the first phase, leaves and branches are removed with cold water alone, without the use of any solvents. In the second phase, the washed olives are placed into the cold extraction machines (no hot water is used in the process), and are milled at lower temperatures. This is what is meant by the term “cold pressed”.
What distinguishes and ultimately results in the production of EVOO high in polyphenols is the temperature and duration of malaxation, which must be closely monitored by an expert. Any deviation from the proprietary protocol greatly affects the levels of polyphenols. The milling temperature must be kept lower than 27 °C (80 ºF)), and the milling time must be kept at a third of the regular milling time of ripe olives. This is called a 2-phase extraction, vs. a 3-phase extraction which uses higher temperatures and hot water in the malaxation process.
A 2-phase extraction system clearly favors higher phenolic concentration as compared to the 3-phase system, because the basic nutrients are not drained by the repeated pressures, the temperature, or the filtration of the olives, resulting in a very clean, superior quality and nutritious and
antioxidant olive oil.
The aim is to minimize the alteration of the taste and the original properties of the fruit as much as possible and ensure the maximum nutritional and therapeutic levels of the final product (highest polyphenols and other natural antioxidants beneficial to health, such as: vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), hydroxytyrosol, oleocanthal, squalene, etc.).